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Course outline — 200 minutes across 10 modules
  1. What Makes You a General Contractor · ≈ 20 min
  2. Classifications and Limitations · ≈ 20 min
  3. Financial Responsibility: Your Statements and the Bond Alternative · ≈ 20 min
  4. The Qualifier — Your License’s Single Point of Failure · ≈ 20 min
  5. Contracts, Bids and the Payment Chain · ≈ 20 min
  6. Permits, Inspections and the Lien-Agent Trigger · ≈ 20 min
  7. Liability Exposure: Discipline, Unlicensed Practice, Injunctions · ≈ 20 min
  8. The Homeowners Recovery Fund · ≈ 20 min
  9. Renewal, CE, Inactive Status and Coming Back · ≈ 20 min
  10. Records, Reporting and Staying in Good Standing · ≈ 20 min
Not yet approved by the Board. Until NCLBGC course approval, this course confers no CE credit.

MODULE 5 OF 10 · ESTIMATED 20 MIN

Contracts, Bids and the Payment Chain

Learning objectives

  • Explain why § 22C-2 makes “pay-when-paid” unenforceable between contracting tiers.
  • State the 25% cap on general-contracting work performed under § 87-1.1.
  • Distinguish licensed construction management from the development-consultant exclusions.
  • Describe the licensure requirements that apply to a joint venture.

Lesson

DRAFT — pending instructor-of-record approval

Where the license question meets the contract

The first four modules dealt with the license as a credential. This one deals with it as a term of business — the places where licensure, or its absence, changes what a contract can do. Three arrive early on almost every project: whether your bid will be considered at all, how far payment can be made contingent on someone else paying, and what structure you are allowed to use when more than one licensed entity is involved. Each is governed by a specific provision, and each has a version that circulates on jobsites that is subtly wrong.

Getting your bid considered — G.S. 87-15

G.S. 87-15 puts a duty on the design side rather than on you. Architects and engineers preparing plans and specifications for work to be contracted in North Carolina must include, in their invitations to bidders and in their specifications, a copy of Article 1 of Chapter 87 or the portions needed to convey to an invited bidder — resident or nonresident, licensed or not — that it will be necessary to show evidence of a license before the bid is considered. The practical read for a contractor is the last clause: evidence of licensure is a precondition to having a bid considered, not a formality to be tidied up after selection.

Authority: N.C.G.S. § 87-15

Pay-if-paid is unenforceable — G.S. 22C-2

This is the provision most worth knowing precisely, because the loose version costs subcontractors money. G.S. 22C-2 provides that performance by a subcontractor in accordance with its contract entitles it to payment from the party with whom it contracts. Then the operative sentence: payment by the owner to a contractor is not a condition precedent for payment to a subcontractor, and payment by a contractor to a subcontractor is not a condition precedent for payment to any other subcontractor — and an agreement to the contrary is unenforceable. A clause that makes your receipt of owner funds a precondition of paying your sub does not merely fail; it is unenforceable by statute.

Blocky illustration: money flowing owner to contractor to subcontractor, with the upstream-payment condition between them struck out in gold.
A clause making the owner’s payment a condition of paying your subcontractor does not merely fail — G.S. 22C-2 makes it unenforceable. GC Prep original illustration · © MasonByte LLC — original work, all rights reserved

Authority: N.C.G.S. § 22C-2

What 22C-2 does not say

Two limits are worth stating plainly, because overreading this section is its own error. First, the statute addresses payment as a condition precedent. It does not, by its terms, abolish every clause that regulates the timing or sequencing of payment; it removes the ability to make upstream payment a prerequisite to the downstream obligation. Second, it speaks to the relationship between the party who contracts and the party performing — payment flows from the party with whom the subcontractor contracts. The practical consequence for a general contractor is that owner non-payment is a risk you hold, not a risk you can pass down by drafting. Price it, insure against it, or manage it through the contract terms that remain available — but do not plan around a contingent-payment clause that the statute will not enforce when it matters.

Authority: N.C.G.S. § 22C-2

The 87-1.1 route, and the cap that lives in a rule

G.S. 87-1.1 lets an electrical licensee under Article 2, or a plumbing, heating and fire sprinkler licensee under Article 4, bid and contract directly with the owner of a building project — provided a licensed general contractor performs all work falling within the G.S. 87-10(b) classifications, and that general contracting work stays within a percentage of the total bid price fixed by Board rule. Note where the number is: the statute defers it, and 21 NCAC 12A .0210 supplies it. If a building project is performed pursuant to G.S. 87-1.1, the total amount of work to be performed by all licensed general contractors shall not exceed 25% of the total bid price. Anyone quoting 25% out of the statute is quoting the wrong document.

Blocky illustration: a bid-price bar with a quarter of it shaded gold, marking the twenty-five per cent ceiling on general-contracting work under the 87-1.1 route.
The statute defers the percentage and 21 NCAC 12A .0210 supplies it: general-contracting work stays within 25% of the total bid price. GC Prep original illustration · © MasonByte LLC — original work, all rights reserved

Authority: N.C.G.S. § 87-1.1 · N.C.G.S. § 87-10(b) ·

And the cap is not the only condition

.0210 carries a second sentence that is easy to skip: a licensed general contractor shall hold the applicable classifications and limitation for the work that contractor undertakes. The 25% ceiling governs how much general-contracting work the project may contain under this route; it does not relax the classification and limitation rules from Module 2 for whoever performs it. Both tests still apply, to each general contractor, for its own scope. A project can be structured perfectly under 87-1.1 and still put a general contractor outside its license.

Authority: · N.C.G.S. § 87-1.1

Construction management is general contracting — .0208(a)

21 NCAC 12A .0208(a) defines the phrase “undertakes to superintend or manage” from G.S. 87-1. It means being responsible for superintending or managing the construction of an entire project AND either contracting directly with subcontractors to perform the construction, or being compensated for the work based upon the cost of the project or the time taken to complete it. Someone who meets that definition must hold a general contracting license in the classifications and limitation applicable to the project. Calling the role construction management, or program management, does not move it outside the definition — the test is what you are responsible for and how you are paid.

Authority: · N.C.G.S. § 87-1

The development-consultant exclusions, and their conditions

.0208(b) carves out two roles. The first is a North Carolina licensed architect or engineer supervising execution of design plans for the owner who does not contract directly with subcontractors. The second is a consultant, agent or advisor retained by an owner to perform development-related functions — site planning and design, formulating a development scheme, obtaining zoning and entitlements, tenant selection, cost estimates and budgeting, monitoring progress, negotiating with the design and construction team, and similar. But .0208(c) attaches conditions: the owner must have retained a licensed general contractor to construct the entire project or directly superintend all construction work the consultant touches, and the arrangement must not impair the general contractor’s ability to communicate directly with the owner. The general contractor may demand written verification from the owner of any direction given by the consultant — and if the consultant supplies that confirmation itself, the consultant is deemed to be superintending or managing, and the exclusion collapses.

Authority:

Joint ventures — .0207

A joint venture may practice general contracting in North Carolina by either of two routes. Every principal or member of the joint venture is licensed with the appropriate classification and at least one principal holds the appropriate limitation — or the joint venture obtains a general contracting license in its own name under G.S. 87-10 and the Board’s rules. There is a trap for the increasingly common LLC joint venturer: if an LLC is a joint venturer, all members AND managers of that LLC must themselves be licensed with the appropriate classification and limitation. A single unlicensed manager inside a member LLC breaks the structure.

Authority:

Authority & state references

  • N.C.G.S. § 87-15 — Copy of Article included in specifications; bid not considered unless contractor licensed ⏱ ≈ 2 min read
  • N.C.G.S. § 22C-2 — Performance by subcontractor ⏱ ≈ 2 min read
  • — Joint Venture ⏱ ≈ 2 min read
  • — Construction Management ⏱ ≈ 4 min read
  • — Building Projects ⏱ ≈ 2 min read
  • N.C.G.S. § 87-1.1 — Exception for licensees under Article 2 or 4 ⏱ ≈ 3 min read
  • N.C.G.S. § 87-10(b) — Application for license; examination; certificate; renewal — subsection (b) ⏱ ≈ 3 min read

Tap any citation to read it in the statute reader without leaving this page — about 18 minutes of authority reading is available in this module. Time spent here is instructional time: use it if you want more depth, or if you need additional minutes toward the 200-minute course requirement.

Official text opens on the North Carolina General Assembly site (ncleg.gov) — the source of record for every citation. Read-time figures are estimates.

GC Prep™ MASONBYTE LLC • gcprep.app — NC CE Elective, Module 5: Contracts, Bids and the Payment Chain. GC Prep™ and MasonByte™ are trademarks of MASONBYTE LLC.

© 2026 MASONBYTE LLC. Proprietary course material — licensed for the enrolled student’s personal study only. Reproduction, redistribution or use in another course is prohibited without written permission (Terms §8).

Independent contractor-education provider. Not affiliated with, endorsed by, or acting for the North Carolina Licensing Board for General Contractors. Education, not legal advice — verify current statutes with the NC General Assembly.